1. The excretory product in protozoans is

A. amino acid
B. uric acid
C. ammonia ✔

D. urea

Explanation:
Protozoans excrete ammonia because it diffuses easily in water.

2. Which of the following is a living organism?

A. Muscle
B. Nucleus
C. Yeast ✔

D. Mitochondrion

Explanation:
Yeast is a unicellular living organism.

3. Which of the following organisms is the most specialized?

A. Paramecium ✔

B. Amoeba
C. Spirogyra
D. Rhizopus

Explanation:
Paramecium has specialized structures such as cilia and oral groove.

4. Active transport can be defined as the movement of

A. substances from high concentration to low concentration
B. substances from low concentration to high concentration across a membrane
C. substances across a living cell membrane using energy from the cell ✔

D. movement of molecules in a medium

Explanation:
Active transport requires energy (ATP) from the cell.

5. Which of the following cell inclusions can destroy other cell organelles?

A. Centriole
B. Ribosome
C. Lysosome ✔

D. Mitochondrion

Explanation:
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes.

6. In which of the following yam tissues will osmosis occur?

A. Boiled and peeled
B. Raw and peeled ✔

C. Boiled and unpeeled
D. Roasted and peeled

Explanation:
Osmosis occurs only in living tissues with semi-permeable membranes.

7. The line XZ represents an actual distance of $10.0\text{ cm}$ and the diagram length is $5.0\text{ cm}$. What is the magnification?

A. $0.2\times$
B. $0.5\times$ ✔

C. $2.0\times$
D. $50.0\times$

Explanation:
Magnification $= \dfrac{\text{diagram length}}{\text{actual length}} = \dfrac{5.0}{10.0} = 0.5$.

8. The correct sequence of events during mitosis is

A. III, II, IV, I
B. II, III, I, IV ✔

C. II, I, III, IV
D. II, IV, I, III

Explanation:
Chromosomes appear → align → separate → cytokinesis.

9. Which statement about asexual reproduction is correct?

A. always involves one parent but offspring differ genetically
B. may involve two parents
C. always involves one parent and offspring are genetically identical ✔

D. involves two parents with different offspring

Explanation:
Asexual reproduction produces identical offspring (clones).

10. The bone illustrated is the

A. femur ✔

B. humerus
C. radius
D. ulna

Explanation:
The femur is the longest bone in the human body.

12. Which of the following is not a function of mammalian skin?

A. Regulation of body temperature
B. Reception of stimuli
C. Excretion
D. Gaseous exchange ✔

Explanation:
Mammalian skin does not perform gaseous exchange.

13. Legs could not be raised because

A. impulses from legs cannot reach brain
B. impulses from brain cannot reach legs ✔

C. chemicals are released at synapses
D. reflex action cannot occur

Explanation:
Damage to the spinal cord blocks motor impulses.

14. Which condition enhances self-pollination?

A. Cleistogamy ✔

B. Heterostyly
C. Protandry
D. Protogyny

Explanation:
Cleistogamous flowers pollinate themselves.

15. The part labeled X controls

A. general memory
B. speech ✔

C. sight
D. respiration

Explanation:
The left cerebrum controls speech.

16. The diagram illustrates

A. normal sight
B. short sightedness
C. correction of long sightedness
D. correction of short sightedness ✔

Explanation:
Concave lenses correct short sight.

17. Loss of balance is due to defect in the

A. cochlea
B. Eustachian tube
C. semi-circular canals ✔

D. oval window

Explanation:
Semi-circular canals control balance.

18. The following pass from mother to fetus except

A. carbon dioxide ✔

B. glucose
C. viruses
D. antibodies

Explanation:
Carbon dioxide moves from fetus to mother.

19. An inferior ovary is situated

A. below floral parts
B. above floral parts
C. at same level as floral parts ✔

D. at center of floral parts

Explanation:
Inferior ovary lies below other floral parts.

20. Older parts of roots do not absorb water because

A. they lack xylem
B. they have small surface area
C. phloem is dead
D. they lack root hairs ✔

Explanation:
Water absorption occurs mainly through root hairs.

21. Starch decreases in germinating seeds because it is used

A. for respiration and growth ✔

B. to build cellulose
C. to develop meristems
D. to produce enzymes

Explanation:
Starch provides energy for respiration.

22. Treating acidic soil with lime increases

A. nitrogen
B. phosphorus ✔

C. carbohydrates
D. sulphur

Explanation:
Lime makes phosphorus available in soil.

23. A meal of yam and vegetables lacks

A. carbohydrates
B. proteins ✔

C. vitamins
D. minerals

Explanation:
Proteins are insufficient in such a meal.

24. In a Biuret test, which chemical gives a positive result?

A. mercurous nitrate
B. copper sulphate ✔

C. sodium carbonate
D. silver nitrate

Explanation:
Copper sulphate reacts with proteins to give violet colour.

25. A characteristic feature of plant parasites is

A. holdfast
B. rhizoids
C. hanging roots
D. haustoria ✔

Explanation:
Haustoria absorb nutrients from host plants.

26. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found

A. at stem nodes
B. internodes
C. root nodules ✔

D. mesophyll

Explanation:
Rhizobium lives in root nodules.

27. Habitat not found in West Africa is

A. mangrove swamp
B. Sahel savanna
C. savanna grassland
D. temperate grassland ✔

Explanation:
Temperate grasslands occur in temperate regions.

28. Which is not an adaptation for flight in birds?

A. reduced weight
B. streamlined shape
C. powerful muscles
D. clawed digits ✔

Explanation:
Claws are not for flight.

29. The difference between a community and population is

A. same species vs different species
B. populations form a community ✔

C. niche absent in community
D. competition only in community

Explanation:
A community consists of several populations.

30. Which statement about water cycle is not correct?

A. water evaporates constantly
B. vapour condenses and precipitates
C. water removed from ocean is permanently lost ✔

D. plants lose water by transpiration

Explanation:
Water is continuously recycled.

31. The instrument shown is

A. anemometer
B. hygrometer
C. barometer ✔

D. wind vane

Explanation:
A barometer measures air pressure.

32. The instrument measures

A. wind direction
B. wind speed
C. air pressure ✔

D. water turbidity

Explanation:
Barometers measure atmospheric pressure.

33. Which is not a consumer?

A. earthworm
B. spirogyra ✔

C. bacteria
D. Rhizopus

Explanation:
Spirogyra is a producer.

34. Domestic waste consists of

A. I only
B. III only
C. IV only
D. II and V only ✔

Explanation:
Domestic waste comes from households.

35. The atmosphere can be polluted by

A. I only
B. III only
C. IV only
D. II and IV only ✔

Explanation:
These activities release harmful gases.

36. Town discharging untreated sewage is

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D ✔

Explanation:
Low oxygen, many plants, and few fish indicate pollution.

37. Which natural resource is non-renewable?

A. Water
B. Coal ✔

C. Forest
D. Air

Explanation:
Coal takes millions of years to form.

38. Which is not a reason for banning bush burning?

A. allows quick re-growth of grasses ✔

B. kills soil organisms
C. leaves soil bare
D. destroys nutrients

Explanation:
Bush burning does not encourage sustainable growth.

39. Fertilizers are added to soil to

A. increase humus
B. improve water retention
C. increase nutrient level ✔

D. prevent erosion

Explanation:
Fertilizers supply essential nutrients.

40. Continuous variation is controlled by

A. single gene
B. recessive genes
C. epistasis
D. multiple genes ✔

Explanation:
Many genes influence continuous traits.