1. The science of life is referred to as

A. anatomy
B. biology ✔

C. ecology
D. phylogeny

Explanation:
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms.

2. The epidermis of a leaf is considered an example of a tissue because the cells

A. allow sunlight to pass through
B. are covered by a waxy cuticle
C. all possess a similar structure and function ✔

D. allow water to enter them by osmosis

Explanation:
A tissue is a group of similar cells performing the same function.

3. The organism at the organ level of organization of life is

A. Euglena
B. Spirogyra
C. Ginger ✔

D. Tapeworm

Explanation:
Ginger is a multicellular plant with true organs such as roots, stems, and leaves.

4. The disadvantage of complexity of organization in higher organisms is that it leads to

A. mutual interdependence between component cells
B. internal structural specialization
C. increased adaptation to the environment
D. slower rate of diffusion of oxygen to individual cells ✔

Explanation:
In complex organisms, diffusion alone is too slow to meet cellular needs.

5. In which of the following multicellular organisms is interdependence of cells maintained?

A. Spirogyra
B. Volvox ✔

C. Eudorina
D. Pandorina

Explanation:
Volvox shows division of labour and interdependence among cells.

6. Which of the following processes occurs in the second phase of meiosis?

A. Homologous chromosomes separate
B. Two daughter cells are formed
C. Fertilization occurs
D. Segregation of genes occurs ✔

Explanation:
Meiosis II involves separation of sister chromatids, leading to gene segregation.

7. The muscle cell fluid of an athlete was found to contain a high concentration of lactic acid because the

A. athlete ate lactic acid before the race
B. athlete injected lactic acid
C. athlete's muscles carried out anaerobic respiration ✔

D. athlete inhaled lactic acid

Explanation:
Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid when oxygen is insufficient.

8. The graph represents the growth pattern of an animal. Which group shows this pattern?

A. Cestoda
B. Reptilia
C. Amphibia
D. Insecta ✔

Explanation:
Insects show step-like growth due to moulting.

9. The pulmonary circulation involves movement of blood to and from the

A. brain
B. kidney
C. liver
D. lungs ✔

Explanation:
Pulmonary circulation transports blood between the heart and lungs.

10. Which of the individuals is likely to be suffering from haemophilia?

A. I
B. II
C. III ✔

D. IV

Explanation:
Haemophilia is a sex-linked disorder usually expressed in males.

11. Which of the individuals is likely to have HIV?

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV ✔

Explanation:
HIV infection is identified based on the diagnostic indicators shown in the diagram.

12. An animal with two auricles and one ventricle is likely to be a/an

A. fish
B. reptile
C. amphibian ✔

D. bird

Explanation:
Amphibians have a three-chambered heart.

13. The diagrams are part of the human lungs. Diagram Z is taken from part

A. II
B. III
C. IV ✔

D. V

Explanation:
Diagram Z represents alveoli, which are found in part IV.

14. Which labelled part of the excretory system contains the highest nitrogenous waste?

A. I
B. II
C. IV
D. VI ✔

Explanation:
Urine in the bladder contains the highest concentration of nitrogenous waste.

15. Increasing adrenaline in the blood decreases blood flow to the

A. liver ✔

B. heart
C. lungs
D. brain

Explanation:
Adrenaline diverts blood from digestive organs to muscles and the heart.

16. The following are examples of simple reflex actions except

A. swallowing
B. sneezing
C. walking ✔

D. blinking

Explanation:
Walking is a voluntary action, not a simple reflex.

17. Impulses are conducted towards the nerve cell through the

A. myelin sheath
B. dendrons ✔

C. axons
D. synaptic nodes

Explanation:
Dendrons conduct impulses toward the cell body.

18. Which part of the eye contains light-sensitive cells?

A. Choroid
B. Iris
C. Retina ✔

D. Lens

Explanation:
The retina contains rods and cones.

19. The function of the convex lens in correcting eye defects is to

A. diverge light rays
B. converge light rays to focus the image behind the retina
C. converge light rays to focus the image before the retina
D. converge light rays from far objects to focus on the retina ✔

Explanation:
Convex lenses correct long-sightedness by converging light rays.

20. Fertilization leading to zygote formation involves

A. fusion of sperm tail
B. fusion of sperm head and tail
C. fusion of sperm nucleus with egg nucleus ✔

D. development without sperm

Explanation:
Fertilization is the fusion of male and female nuclei.

21. Which labelled part can be cut to ensure permanent sterility in males?

A. I
B. II ✔

C. III
D. IV

Explanation:
Cutting the vas deferens prevents sperm transport.

22. Brightly coloured petals are adaptive for

A. feeding
B. pollination ✔

C. dispersal
D. shedding

Explanation:
Bright colours attract pollinators.

23. Squirrels kill trees because

A. they inject poison
B. trees are susceptible to bites
C. they feed on roots
D. they gnaw and destroy the bark ✔

Explanation:
Bark removal disrupts food transport.

24. The major role of accessory pigments is to

A. add colour only
B. trap light energy chlorophyll cannot absorb ✔

C. transfer energy from chlorophyll
D. prevent light absorption

Explanation:
Accessory pigments broaden the absorption spectrum.

25. The main raw materials for photosynthesis are

A. oxygen and water
B. oxygen and carbon dioxide
C. oxygen and chlorophyll
D. carbon dioxide and water ✔

Explanation:
Photosynthesis uses $CO_2$ and $H_2O$.

26. The benefit of thunder and lightning to farmers is

A. addition of nitrates to soil ✔

B. aeration of soil
C. removal of bacteria
D. addition of rainwater

Explanation:
Lightning converts nitrogen to nitrates usable by plants.

27. Which substance must be present in soil for healthy green plants?

A. Amino acids
B. Carbon
C. Glucose salts
D. Magnesium ions ✔

Explanation:
Magnesium is required for chlorophyll formation.

28. The purpose of proteins in a mammal’s diet is to

A. promote growth and repair ✔

B. break down molecules
C. regulate chyme flow
D. act as enzymes only

Explanation:
Proteins are body-building nutrients.

29. Excess carbohydrates are stored in muscles as

A. cellulose
B. glycogen ✔

C. chitin
D. lipids

Explanation:
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in muscles.

30. Weak and crooked bones indicate deficiency of

A. sodium and iron
B. iron and manganese
C. calcium and phosphorus ✔

D. magnesium and sulfur

Explanation:
Calcium and phosphorus are needed for bone formation.

31. Which test confirms the gas produced by yeast?

A. glowing splint
B. passing gas through limewater ✔

C. litmus paper
D. smelling the gas

Explanation:
Carbon dioxide turns limewater milky.

32. Which enzyme is affected if bile is absent?

A. Amylase
B. Cellulase
C. Lipase ✔

D. Protease

Explanation:
Bile emulsifies fats, aiding lipase action.

33. The appropriate food for the child shown is

A. beans
B. garri
C. bread
D. avocado pear ✔

Explanation:
Avocado pear is rich in fats needed to treat marasmus.

34. Which food has little or no calorific value?

A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D. Water ✔

Explanation:
Water provides no energy.

35. A space containing interacting organisms is called a

A. community
B. habitat
C. ecosystem ✔

D. population

Explanation:
An ecosystem includes organisms and their environment.

36. The area around the earth where life exists is the

A. biosphere ✔

B. lithosphere
C. habitat
D. ecosystem

Explanation:
The biosphere supports all living things.

37. The following are abiotic components except

A. bacteria ✔

B. topography
C. water
D. wind

Explanation:
Bacteria are living organisms.

38. Which instrument measures air pressure?

A. Hygrometer
B. Barometer ✔

C. Photometer
D. Air pressure disc

Explanation:
A barometer measures atmospheric pressure.

39. The best title for the diagram is

A. terrestrial food web ✔

B. terrestrial food chain
C. aquatic food web
D. aquatic food chain

Explanation:
The diagram shows interconnected feeding relationships on land.

40. How many food chains are in the diagram?

A. Three
B. Four
C. Five ✔

D. Six

Explanation:
Five distinct food chains can be identified in the web.