The epidermis of a leaf is considered an example of a tissue because the cells
A. allow sunlight to pass through.
B. are covered by a waxy cuticle
C. all possess a similar structure and function
D. allow water to enter them by osmosis.
The organism at the organ level of organization of life is
A. Euglena
B. Spirogyra
C. Ginger
D. Tapeworm.
The disadvantage of complexity of organization in higher organisms is that it leads to
A. mutual interdependence between component cells
B. internal structural specialization
C. increased adaptation to the environment
D. slower rate of diffusion of oxygen to individual cells.
In which of the following multicellular organisms is interdependence of cells maintained?
A. Spirogyra
B. Volvox
C. Eudorina
D. Pandorina.
Which of the following processes occurs in the second phase of meiosis?
A. Homologous chromosomes separate
B. Two daughter cells are formed
C. Fertilization occurs
D. Segregation of genes occurs.
The muscle cell fluid of an athlete was tested immediately after a 10 m race and was found to contain a high concentration of lactic acid. Explain what could have caused this. The
A. athlete must have eaten food containing lactic acid just before the race
B. athlete must have injected lactic acid into his blood just before the race
C. athlete’s muscles must have carried out anaerobic respiration during the race
D. athlete must have inhaled lactic acid from the environment during the race.
The graph above represents the growth pattern of an animal. Which of the following groups of animals shows this pattern of growth?
A. Cestoda
B. Reptilia
C. Amphibia
D. Insecta.
The pulmonary circulation involves movement of the blood to and from the
A. brain
B. kidney
C. liver
D. lungs.
Which of the individuals is likely to be suffering from haemophilia?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV.
Which of the individuals is likely to have HIV?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV.
A student dissecting an animal specimen discovered that it had two auricles and one ventricle. The animal is likely to be a/an
A. fish
B. reptile
C. amphibian
D. bird.
The diagrams above are part of the human lungs. Which of the parts is diagram Z taken from?
A. II
B. III
C. IV
D. V.
The diagram above is an illustration of the human excretory system. Which of the labelled parts contains the highest amount of nitrogenous waste?
A. I
B. II
C. IV
D. VI.
Increasing adrenaline content of the blood would be expected to decrease the flow of blood to the
A. liver
B. heart
C. lungs
D. brain.
The following are all examples of a simple reflex action, except
A. swallowing
B. sneezing
C. walking
D. blinking.
Impulses are conducted towards the nerve cell through the
A. myelin sheath
B. dendrons
C. axons
D. synaptic nodes.
Which of the following parts of the eye contains light-sensitive cells?
A. Choroid
B. Iris
C. Retina
D. Lens.
The function of the convex lens in the correction of eye defects is to
A. diverge light rays from far objects to focus the image on the retina
B. converge light rays to focus the image behind the retina
C. converge light rays to focus the image before the retina
D. converge light rays from far objects to focus their image on the retina.
When fertilization occurs that leads to the formation of a zygote, which of the following processes takes place?
A. The tail of the sperm fuses with the egg cell
B. Both tail and head of the sperm fuse with the egg cell
C. The nucleus of the sperm fuses with the egg cell
D. The egg cell develops on its own without the sperm.
An illustration of a human male reproductive system is shown above. Which of the labelled parts can be cut to ensure permanent sterility?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV.
The brightly coloured petals in some plants are an adaptive coloration for
A. feeding
B. pollination
C. dispersal
D. shedding.
Squirrels easily kill some trees because
A. they inject poisonous substances into the trees.
B. most trees are susceptible to squirrel bites
C. they feed voraciously on the roots
D. they gnaw the bark and destroy it.
The major role played by accessory pigments during photosynthesis is to
A. add colour to plants but not trap light energy
B. trap light energy that chlorophyll cannot absorb
C. transfer energy from chlorophyll to other pigments
D. prevent chlorophyll from absorbing unnecessary light.
The main raw materials required for photosynthesis are
A. oxygen and water
B. oxygen and carbon dioxide
C. oxygen and chlorophyll
D. carbon dioxide and water.
What is the benefit of thunder and lightning to farmers?
A. Addition of nitrates to the soil
B. Aeration of the soil
C. Removal of harmful bacteria from the soil
D. Addition of rainwater to the soil.
Which of the following substances must be present in the soil for the growth of a healthy green plant?
A. Amino acids
B. Carbon
C. Glucose salts
D. Magnesium ions.
The purpose of proteins in the diet of a mammal is to
A. promote growth and repair cells
B. break down molecules
C. regulate the flow of chime
D. serve as co-factors or enzymes.
Excess carbohydrates can be stored in the muscles in the form of
A. cellulose
B. glycogen
C. chitin
D. lipids.
The bones of the legs of a six-year-old boy are observed to be weak and crooked. Which of the following elements were deficient in his mother’s diet during pregnancy?
A. Sodium and iron
B. Iron and manganese
C. Calcium and phosphorus
D. Magnesium and sulfur.
The diagram above is an illustration of an experimental setup to test the action of yeast. What test would be used to confirm the nature of the gas given off?
A. Insert a glowing splint
B. Pass the gas through limewater
C. Insert a piece of litmus paper
D. Smell the gas.
Which of the following digestive enzymes would be greatly affected if the liver fails to produce bile?
A. Amylase
B. Cellulase
C. Lipase
D. Protease.
The appropriate food to be given to the child in the picture above is
A. beans
B. garri
C. bread
D. avocado pear.
Which of the following food substances will have little or no calorific value?
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D. Water.
A space containing a group of interactive organisms is called
A. community
B. habitat
C. ecosystem
D. population.
The area around the earth where life activities go on is referred to as
A. biosphere
B. lithosphere
C. habitat
D. ecosystem.
The following are abiotic components of the ecosystem except
A. bacteria
B. topography
C. water
D. wind.
Which of the following instruments would be most appropriate in comparing the air pressure at different places in the habitat?
A. Hygrometer
B. Barometer
C. Photometer
D. Air pressure disc.
The best title for the above diagram is
A. terrestrial food web
B. terrestrial food chain
C. aquatic food web
D. aquatic food chain.
How many food chains are in the diagram?
A. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Six.
Plants with breathing roots are characteristic features of vegetation in
A. tropical grassland
B. temperate grassland
C. saltwater swamp
D. tropical rainforest.
In which of the zones can very few organisms be found?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV.
Which of the following factors exerts a major effect on the distribution of living organisms in the habitat?
A. Salt
B. pH
C. Light
D. Rainfall.
The use of water closet and septic tanks is preferred to the use of bucket and pit latrines because
A. it is cost-effective
B. contaminated feces are completely kept away from flies
C. the water for flushing contains chlorine which kills the germs
D. it prevents flies from breeding.
The detection of Vibrio cholerae in public drinking water is a sign of
A. clean water
B. outbreak of disease
C. water pollution
D. decayed organisms in the water.
Which of the following factors would be least likely to act as a density-dependent limiting factor in a population of mice?
A. Buildup of waste products
B. Predation
C. Parasitism
D. Unfavorable climate.
The primary cause of species endangerment is
A. disappearing habitats
B. increase in temperatures
C. acid rain
D. exposure to hazardous wastes.
The following pairs of traits are examples of continuous and discontinuous variations respectively except
A. eye colour and body weight
B. height and blood group
C. skin colour and fingerprints
D. body weight and tongue rolling.
Which of the following statements is true about the ABO blood group system?
A. Antigens are located on the surface of white blood cells
B. Antibodies are located in the blood plasma
C. Antibodies are located on the surface of red blood cells
D. Antigens are located in the blood plasma.
The classes of fingerprints in man are
A. whorl, alternate, opposite, and compound
B. compound, loop, whorl, and alternate
C. whorl, arch, compound, and loop
D. arch, simple, compound, and opposite.
Which of the following diseases is transmittable through genes?
A. HIV/AIDS
B. Sickle cell anemia
C. Diabetes
D. Presbyopia.
Two plants with red flowers were backcrossed. Which of the following results indicate that the plants are heterozygous red flowers, where red flowers are dominant?
A. 75% red and 25% white
B. 50% red and 50% white
C. 100% white
D. 100% red.
In the structure of DNA, which of the following statements is true?
A. The double helix is held together by covalent bonds
B. Nucleotide is made up of ribose, phosphate, and an organic nitrogen compound
C. Guanine is the opposite of cytosine
D. Adenine is the opposite of cytosine.
In a case of complete dominance, what is the phenotypic ratio of the cross Bb X Bb, where B = black and b = white?
A. 1 black: 1 grey: 2 whites
B. 1 black: 3 whites
C. 1 black: 2 blues: 1 white
D. 3 blacks: 1 white.
Two yellow-flowered hybrid plants each carrying a recessive factor for flowers with green colour were crossed. Which of the following ratios shows the correct proportion of offspring that have green flowers?
A. 2 in 2
B. 1 in 3
C. 1 in 4
D. 1 in 5.
What name is given to a sudden change in a gene or chromosome?
A. Allele
B. Genotype
C. Mutation
D. Phenotype.
Bees are of great importance to the farmer because they
A. provide him with honey
B. pollinate flowers
C. sting crop pests to death
D. destroy flowers by sucking nectar from them.
Which of the following sequences is the correct evolutionary trend in plants?
A. Algae → liverworts → mosses → ferns
B. Liverworts → mosses → ferns → algae
C. Mosses → algae → ferns → liverworts
D. Ferns → liverworts → mosses → algae.
The purpose of proteins in the diet of a mammal is to
A. promote growth and repair cells
B. break down molecules
C. regulate the flow of chime
D. serve as co-factors or enzymes.
Excess carbohydrates can be stored in the muscles in the form of
